How do I handle discussing the patient’s progress, test results, etc., with the patient when there are other people present?

You should always ask the patient (or parent in the case of a child) if he/she wants the other individuals to stay or leave before discussing the patient’s care with them in the room. In any situation, including emergencies, when the patient is incapacitated, when possible, limit discussions to the patient’s next of kin. Otherwise, use your professional judgment of what is in the best interest of the patient.